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Data Architect Interview Questions

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Whether you are preparing to interview a candidate or applying for a job, review our list of top Data Architect interview questions and answers.

  1. What are the key roles of a data architect? See answer
  2. What are the characteristics of data warehouse concepts? See answer
  3. What are the key skills that will make you successful in this job? See answer
  4. Name the case manipulation functions in SQL. See answer
  5. What problems have you faced while integrating external data into an existing infrastructure? See answer
  6. What issues have you dealt with while working with open-source technology? See answer
  7. What is your preferred database system and why? See answer
  8. In data modelling, what are the different design schemas and the differences between them? See answer
  9. What are the three data models, and what tools do you use for data modelling? See answer
  10. What are some common mistakes in data modelling for analysis? See answer
  11. Outline how you apply the key elements of data warehouse architecture. 
  12. How are user requirements compiled when starting new projects?
  13. What challenges have you experienced in data security, and how do you ensure your work is secure? 
  14. Define virtual warehousing and describe its importance in our business. 
  15. What challenges have you faced when working with those who may not have a technical background? 
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Our mission

Indeed’s Employer Resource Library helps businesses grow and manage their workforce. With over 15,000 articles in 6 languages, we offer tactical advice, how-tos and best practices to help businesses hire and retain great employees.

Read our editorial guidelines

15 Data Architect Interview Questions and Answers

What are the key roles of a data architect?

Solving business problems can take the focus off of other aspects of the data architect's job. You'll want to ensure that the candidate has experience in all the underlying principles of data architecture. What to look for in an answer:

  • Experience as a data architect
  • Detailed knowledge of the role's responsibilities
  • Awareness of the job's demands and time management

Example:

“Using their programmeming skills, a data architect determines how to store and access a company's data. They develop database solutions, install database systems, maintain database performance, make updates, provide support, and conduct training. Other duties include implementing data warehousing, data modelling, and creating metadata registries.” 

What are the characteristics of data warehouse concepts?

Basic data warehouse concepts expedite data, so your company can use the data to forecast and make decisions. They're used to analyse your company's processes and simplify reporting. The candidate should list the characteristics and what they mean. What to look for in an answer:

  • Understanding data warehouse architecture
  • Detailed knowledge of data warehouse characteristics 
  • Knowledge of the purpose of each characteristic

Example:

"Data warehouse concept characteristics are subject-oriented, for instance, sales, distributions, and marketing. It's made-up of integrated data from several sources such as the mainframe, flat files, and relational databases. Time variance where data has an element of time and once inserted it is static. Finally, data warehouse is non-volatile because it saves old data even new data is input."

Outline how you apply the key elements of data warehouse architecture.

This question assesses the candidate's knowledge of structural frameworks and database systems. The candidate should show expertise in the three approaches of constructing data warehouse layers. What to look for in an answer:

  • Awareness of database systems and frameworks
  • Knowledge of data warehouse architecture elements
  • Understanding of the purpose of architecture elements

Example:

“The most widely used database warehouse architecture comprises three tiers: the bottom tier which is a relational database system; the middle tier, which is an abstract view of the database from an OLAP server; and the top tier which is a front-end client layer. I once restructured a database by compiling recurring customer subscribers in the bottom tier, constructing the middle tier using sales data for various reporting periods, with the top tier containing user information operations. This method breaks large amounts of data down into easily accessible files.”

What are the key skills that will make you successful in this job?

This question gives the candidate a chance to match their skills to your job description and show you how those skills will benefit your company. What to look for in an answer:

  • Candidate's skills align with the job description
  • Background in computer science or engineering
  • Professional experience in data architecture, technical skills

Example:

“I am detail-oriented and focused. I have hands-on experience with SAS, SQL, data modelling, the ETL process, Tableau, and developing data strategies. I hold a master's degree in computer science and have ten years of experience in this field.” 

Name the case manipulation functions in SQL.

Soft-ware-specific questions give you insight into the candidate's level of expertise. The candidate's knowledge and experience should align with the needs of your company. What to look for in an answer:

  • An example of a SQL project
  • Experience with SQL software
  • Knowledge of functions within a database

Example:

“There are three case manipulation functions. LOWER which takes a string as an argument and returns it in lowercase. UPPER which returns the argument string converted into uppercase. Finally, INITCAP returns the argument string with an uppercase first letter and the remaining letters in lowercase.”

How are user requirements compiled when starting new projects?

To ensure the success of IT projects, developing a clear statement of requirements is crucial. The candidate should have a successful strategy for defining project requirements. What to look for in an answer:

  • Ability to break down project tasks
  • Time management and prioritization skills
  • Strategy for developing statement of requirements

Example:

" I first meet with the end-users to develop a requirements document of the functional and business requisites. We define the design requirements, describing how to build the solution. After we put together a project schedule with each phase defined by a deliverable, we write test plans for each phase. The project is complete when the execution of the test plan validates each documented requirement, on budget, and on time."

What problems have you faced while integrating external data into an existing infrastructure?

External data comes from sources that may use data formats and systems different from your company's. The candidate should give you insight into how they ensure the integrated data is readable and ready to store in the data warehouse. What to look for in an answer:

  • Understanding of integration processes
  • Their process for making data readable before warehousing
  • Problem-solving skills when integrating external data

Example:

“In my experience, the main problem is that integration creates data in an incompatible format. I resolved this problem by writing and implementing a script before uploading the external data into the data warehouse tables. I then ran tests verifying that the external data format was a match to our system.”

What issues have you dealt with while working with open-source technology?

Whether you are using open-source technology or will in the future, the candidate should give examples highlighting their ability to modify open-source programmeming code. What to look for in an answer:

  • Skillset in Hadoop and MySQL
  • Knowledge of open-source challenges
  • Experience with open-source technology

Example:

“In my experience with Hadoop and MySQL, I've never faced major problems. However, I know that open-source software utilities or databases have their disadvantages. There's no customer support provided, and since developers mostly ignore user interface, you may not have the resources needed to get started.”  

What challenges have you experienced in data security and how do you ensure your work is secure?

Besides creating data systems, a major responsibility for your data architect is ensuring the security of the company's data and its systems. Asking questions about the candidate's approach to digital security shows their level of experience, knowledge, and skill. What to look for in an answer: 

  • Actionable steps for ensuring data security
  • Company-specific measures for protecting data
  • Recognition of today's heightened security breaches

Example:

“Most of the time, the biggest challenge with data security is coming to a consensus with my team on what poses security risks. One time my team wanted to change the process for uploading data. To help them understand the associated risks, I reviewed what the probable financial loss should their new idea result in a security breach for the company. As a result, they modified their plans and strengthened security measures. To ensure security, I consider the specifics of each architecture design, then I use the specifics of each design to strategize against specific threats and procedures.”

What is your preferred database system and why?

This question explores the candidate's knowledge of databases. They should explain their experiences with a variety of database systems that support your business. What to look for in an answer:

  • Knowledgeable about different database systems 
  • Ability to implement and optimise software per your business model
  • Expertise in specialised systems and familiarity with role-specific practises

Example:

“I like working with MySQL because it's a specialised tool and easy to integrate with various types of businesses.”

In data modelling, what are the different design schemas and the differences between them?

Companies depend on their data architect for gathering and warehousing its data. Data warehousing has two schemas that the candidate should explain. What to look for in an answer:

  • Data modelling experience
  • Experience in data warehousing system development
  • The two data modelling design schemas and their differences

Example:

"Data modelling has two schemas, the snowflake and the star, and they're what give a logical description to data objects. The star schema is the simplest and has a fact table in the centre surrounded by lookup tables which have a direct reference to the centre table. The snowflake system is a lot more complex. Each first-level lookup table has its own lookup table, and it's dispersed throughout the entire system. The star takes up more disk space than the snowflake. It also has a high redundancy and duplication rate, while the snowflake schema data is normalized and has a low level of data redundancy."

Define virtual warehousing and describe its importance in our business.

Virtual warehousing is a perfect information system that acts as an analytical decision-making system. It provides a view of completed data that the candidate should understand as a logical data model. What to look for in an answer:

  • Informed and effective decision-making
  • Understanding the value of raw data as meaningful data
  • Detailed understanding of virtual warehousing and its characteristics

Example:

“The virtual data warehouse is where you find a completed view of the company's completed data, has no historical data, is a logical data model, and includes metadata. It's an information system used in analytical decision-making systems, and translates raw data into meaningful data while providing suggestions when used for decision-making.”

What challenges have you faced when working with those who may not have a technical background?

Some stakeholders may not be technically savvy or understand tech jargon. Asking this question gives you insight into how the candidate interacts with them, the challenges, and overcoming them. What to look for in an answer:

  • Reaching common ground with co-workers
  • Communication skills, translating tech-talk to non-tech stakeholders
  • Collabouration skills with those lacking technical background and understanding of data processes

Example:

“Sometimes I have to reject requests for deliverables because of data architecture limitations. Because they are unfamiliar with how our data systems work, this rejection can cause some frustration. I've learned to resolve the tension with collabouration. We discuss their needs, I learn about their work, and we brainstorm solutions we can test and adjust.”

What are the three data models, and what tools do you use for data modelling?

Even though modelling can get delegated away from your data architect, they still need knowledge of data modelling. What to look for in an answer:

  • Knowledge of data modelling 
  • Awareness of how it aligns with the data architect role
  • Understanding or experience with various data modelling tools

Example:

“First is the conceptual model which shows the basic high-level design of physical data. The second is logical, where entity names and relationships, attributes, foreign and primary keys show up. The third is the physical data model that shows a detailed design with more information and how it's implemented in the database. I have hands-on experience with PowerDesigner and Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeller.” 

 

What are some common mistakes in data modelling for analysis?

Data modelling has been around for decades but still ranks as one of the top areas where database application problems occur. The candidate should outline some of the common mistakes of data modelling. What to look for in an answer:

  • Knowledge of common data modelling mistakes
  • The knowledge that application programmes don't fix bad database design
  • Experience with data modelling which serves your company

Example:

“One of the more commons mistakes is building a huge data model, and that will inherently have faults. Another is a lack of purpose or an unclear definition of the software deliverable. People also sometimes denormalize a database which creates redundant data.”

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